Trousseausyndrome was defined by Armand Trousseau in 1865. He first described, and
ultimately self-diagnosed, the phenomenon in which an occult visceral
malignancy is the underlying cause of an unexpected thrombotic event.
Initially, the most frequent description involved migratory thrombophlebitis.
Almost a century later, the definition was expanded to include chronic
disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, micro angioplasty, verrucous
endocarditis, and arterial emboli. Trousseau syndrome has a well-established
association with advanced primary pancreatic and pulmonary malignancies,
approximately 20% and 24% respectively.
Associationswith prostate, stomach, colon, and hematologic malignancies have also been
reported. Seemingly, cancer-free patients with symptomatic idiopathic venous
thromboembolism have an approximate 10% incidence of a subsequent cancer
diagnosis. The risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a
known malignancy have been evaluated in a number of large populationbased,
case-control studies. A Danish cohort study of cancer subjects that only
excluded non-melanoma skin cancers compared to a general population as control
was undertaken, and the incidence of VTE was noted to be higher among the
cancer patients (IR 8.0 versus IR 4.7, respectively). Incidence rates were
highest in patients with pancreatic cancer (IR 41) and those with
advanced-stage cancer.
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