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The levels of dietary poly aromatic hydrocarbon and Total
anti-oxidant Status (TAS) in the serum of 30 prostate cancer patients compared
with 30 apparently healthy controls were measured to study the contribution of
this toxicant in the aetiology of prostate cancer. Prostate Specific Antigen
(PSA), Benzo {a} pyrene (BaP) and Total antioxidant Status (TAS) were analysed
using standard methods. Benzo {a} pyrene was analyzed using high performance
liquid chromatographic technique (HPLC).
The results showed significantly higher mean levels of PSA
(ng/ml) (144.6 ± 556.0) in participants with prostate cancer compared to the
controls (5.2 ± 9.7) respectively (p<0.05). Conversely, there was a
significant decrease in the mean levels of BaP (μg/ml) (0.4 ± 0.2 versus 0.7 ±
0.2 and TAS (mmol/L) (11.7 ± 1.6 versus 12.9 ± 1.0)in participants with
prostate cancer compared to the controls. There was a positive correlation of
BaP with the frequency of smoked fish intake in participants with prostate
cancer compared with the controls (0.630, p < 0.000 versus 0.117, p <0.537).
A significantly reduced level of BaP was observed in participants and controls
on oral supplements compared with those otherwise. Logistic regression to
correct for supplement intake showed an indirect relationship with BaP (-6.367,
p <0.05). There was no significant variation in the mean levels of all the
anthropometric measurements between the cases and the controls (p> 0.05).
Increased consumption of smoked foods, reduced TAS and resultant
oxidative stress may contribute to the aetiology of prostate cancer while
supplements ingestion may ameliorate benzo (a) pyrene level in some individual. Prostate
cancer, whose risk increases with age remains the most frequently diagnosed
malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among males. It is the most diagnosed cancer among Nigerian men. Since the
incidence of cancer increases with age, the number of newly diagnosed cases and
death continues to rise as the life expectancy of the general population
increases.
