Recentstudies inpatients, who are hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), show
that 51% of them have infections, and 71% are given treatment. Bacterial and
some fungal infections, as opportunistic microorganism are the primary concern.
Hospitalizing in ICU is associated with increasing in mortality rate and excess
expenses. Pharmacokinetics, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
of drugs experience many changes in critical illness.
NTM,are a group of mycobacteria which is not a causative organism of tuberculosis
or leprosy, so they called as Mycobacteria Other Than Tuberculosis (MOTT). NTM
bacteria are a family of small, rod-shaped bacilli which have more than 150
species. Atypical mycobacteria have different favor in choosing their
environment and are identified as environmental mycobacteria. NTM are the causative
organisms in pulmonary diseases like tuberculosis, lymphadenitis, skin disease,
or disseminated disease. Major clinical manifestations of NTM Infections are
presented in Table. In 1950s, they were accepted as human pathogens. Unlike
tuberculosis and leprosy, spreading NTM infections from one person to another
person is rare. Environmental exposure is the major way of contagion. The risk
of getting infected by a particular species of NTM is dependent on
pathogenicity of microorganism, the method of exposure and frequency of
exposure.
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