Stemcells are present in all human organisms and capable of reproducing themselves
or switching to become more specialized cells in human body such as cells in
brain, heart, muscles and kidney to repair damaged tissue. Recent advancements
in basic and clinical research on bone marrow, embryonic, fetal, amniotic,
umbilical cord, and adult stem cells have revealed multiple possibilities for
stem cell new potential therapeutic uses which emerge as new powerful tools for
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
MesenchymalStem Cells (MSCs) are pluripotent progenitor cells because of their
differentiation and immune-suppressive properties that make them appropriate
for transplantation and clinical use. These cells retain the ability of
developing into primary germ cell layers of the early embryo, which can
differentiate into cells of different connective tissue lineages such as bone,
cartilage, muscle and fat of the adult body. A large number of animal
transplantation studies showed that MSCs must be differentiated into the
residing tissue to repair damaged cells caused by trauma or disease, and
partially restore its normal function. Since MSCs have been investigated to
grow and differentiate toward a pattern of multilineage differentiation potential
to produce different cell phenotypes throughout their life, they are emerging
as powerful tools for tissue engineering.
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