Asthma is chronic disease of
multifactorial etiologic and exposure perinatal factors can determine the
development of airway inflammation. High prevalence of asthma in developing
countries accompanies the increase in the Cesarean Section (CS) rate in the
same period. Cesarean births in some countries of Latin America reach the 50%
prevalence, in the Brazilian, public and private health services the rate CS is
considerate highest in the world. However, the association between CS and
asthma is still a controversial issue with conflicting data in the literature
due to potential confounding of several other determinants of asthma.
The mechanism to explain its association
between CS and asthma refers to the hygiene hypothesis. Decrease exposure to
certain types of microorganisms early in life would lead to insufficient
stimulation of T1 lymphocytes and consequences predominance of allergic
response of the type T2, responsible for the development of asthma and allergic
reactions. In children born CS the initial colonization of intestinal micro
flora is composed by bacteria from colonization of the skin and those related
to the hospital environment and these bacteria are capable of modulating the
type of immune response to the type T2.
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