With the rapid development of human genomics, human structural
genome has been completely sequenced accounting for 25,000-30,000 genes.
Transcriptomics and proteomics are two important approaches to annotate
functions of human genome, or called as functional genomics. However,
Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of the same human tissues reveal that
coefficient of relationship of proteome and transcriptome is very low, and the
number of proteins is much more than the number of genes. It is estimated that
the number of human proteins reaches up to over 100,000 or even 1,000,000 if
variants or isoforms.
It clearly demonstrates that one gene corresponds to
multiple proteins are considered which is present as “one gene-multiple
proteins” model, but not “one gene-one protein” model. Those protein variants
or isoforms coded by the same gene are mainly derived from splicing and
Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs). Moreover, PTMs are not controlled by
genes, and dynamically alter with different conditions such as different
physiological conditions, different pathological conditions and different
disease stages, etc. Therefore, a gene-coded protein is not only a protein
expression event but also involves many post-transcriptional/translational
regulations such as splicing, modifications, translocation, and spatial
conformation. Those protein post-transcriptional/translational regulations play
very important roles in different physiological and pathological processes.
Thus, it emphasizes the scientific importance of investigating
post-transcriptional/translational regulations such as splicing, PTMs and
spatial conformation in the human proteome.
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