Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rural Population in North Sudan

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DiabetesMellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. DM is a major health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. The number of patients with type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly in both developed and developing countries around the world. This emerging pandemic is driven by the combined effects of population ageing, rising levels of obesity and inactivity and changes in dietary habits. glycemic parameters above normal but below diabetes thresholds is a high-risk state for diabetes with an annualized conversion rate of 5%-10%; with similar proportion converting back to norm glycaemia. The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing worldwide and it is projected that >470 million people will have prediabetes in 2030. Prediabetes is associated with the simultaneous presence of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, abnormalities that start before glucose changes are detectable.

Estimated number of people having DM was 415 million in 2015 and is expected to be 642 million in 2040, 5 million adults died from DM in 2015. The proportion of undiagnosed diabetes is 46.5% in the world with the highest proportion being in Africa (66.7%). 

The number of diabetic patients was estimated to be 35.4 million in Middle East and North Africa region in 2015. The prevalence of diabetes is 7.7% in adults (20-79 years) in Sudan in 2015. Previous studies showed the highest prevalence rates of diabetes in the Northern State compared to other parts of Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes, its associated risk factors, and the proportion of undiagnosed DM in a rural population in the northern part of Sudan.