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Wednesday, 23 January 2019

An Insight in Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer

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Thecancer is defined as the cells abnormal growth with capability to spread in to different or other organs of the body. Colorectal Cancer (CRC), develops from the rectum/colon (i.e., a parts of large intestine). Signs and symptoms of CRC include change in bowel movements, blood in the stool, loss of appetite, weight loss and feeling tired all the time. CRCs mostly arise due to lifestyle and old age associated factors. However, small number of CRC cases might be due to underlying genetic diseases. CRCs are associated with some of the risk factor such as obesity, diet, smoking and absence of physical activity. Some of the dietary reasons that might enhance the risk of CRC include processed and red meat along with alcohol. Other risk factor is inflammatory bowel disorders such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. 

Inherited genetic diseases that can cause CRC include familial adenomatous polyposis along-with hereditary non-poly colon cancer. Therefore, these diseases show less than 5% cases. In starting, it typically acts as a benign tumor, generally in polyp form, which in later stages it becomes cancerous. Globally, colorectal cancer is reported as third most general type of cancer, which accounts for about 10% of whole cases. In developed countries, CRC is more common and it constitutes more than 65% of cases. In CRC, is less common in women as compared than men.

Colorectalcancer, signs and symptoms depends on the position of tumour in the bowel and its metastasis to other organs of body. The classic warning signs includes, worsening constipation, decrease in stool caliber (thickness), blood in the stool, nausea or vomiting, loss of appetite and loss of weight. However, rectal bleeding or anaemia is high-risk features in patients over 50 year of age. Other symptoms such as weight loss as well as bowel habit change are taken in consideration if included with bleeding.    

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