Life Events Kept in Secret Destroy the Resilience Important for Successful Aging

                                             http://austinpublishinggroup.com/occupational-medicine/

For some decades the medical interview has been aimed not only at establishing a diagnosis, but also at determining the patient’s state of health and quality of life. In the field of geriatrics, conversation with the patient intends yet to assess the extent of physical fitness and mental performance impairment as well as to evaluate the risk factors which lead to a decrease in mental capacity and also the patient’s so-called psychological resilience, which determine the favorable course of aging. Researchers enumerate some kinds of factors determining mental resilience, e.g. pride in one’s personality, positive family relations, empowering relationships with professionals, the so-called ‘power of giving’, a balanced view on life and so on. There are, however, very few guidelines in geriatric literature on how to obtain this ‘balanced perception of one’s own life’. We do not find such tips either in the papers of authors who write about assessing the so-called ‘trajectory of life’.

We have presented recently an attempt to formulate a method of insight into the way we remember and even how we arrange the remembrance of own biography. As we emphasized, one should pay attention not only to biographical facts but also to important ‘psychological transformations’ concerning decisions on one’s own further anticipated actions and behavior. An example would be the decision that, “it is not worth striving for good grades in school or even to get a formal education because prosperity in life depends on other conditions” or for example, “that monogamy is not an advantageous pattern of behavior”.

Reliability of Low Frequency Contact B Scan in Assessment of Optic Nerve Head Cupping

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Glaucomais known to affect 60.7 million people worldwide with the estimated prevalence in India being 11.9 million. Diagnosis of glaucoma is made in presence of characteristic optic disc changes and corresponding visual field defects. Visual impairment related to glaucomatous damage can only be prevented if the disease process is identified and treated early in its course. Morphometricevaluation of the optic nerve head, perimetry and tonometry contribute to the final diagnosis of glaucoma. The analysis of the optic disc is the most important step in the diagnosis of glaucoma and therefore a careful clinical observation should be performed to separate glaucomatous changes from normal optic disc. Optic disc is most commonly assessed using the 78 or 90 dioptre lens at the biomicroscope and an estimate of cup: disc ratio and neuroretinal rim is noted. Several methods have been developed to evaluate optic disc morphologically such as Heidelberg Retinal Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography. These techniques require expensive equipment and clear media.

The Effect of Surgical Intervention for Dissociated Vertical Deviation Alone on Concurrent Horizontal Strabismus

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Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a challenging condition to manage, largely due to a poor understanding of its underlying etiology and the dearth of clinical studies that deal with its treatment. Guyton analyzed the vertical, horizontal, and torsional eye movements of six patients carrying the diagnosis of DVD in an attempt to better understand its underlying etiology. He proposed that the vertical vergence component of the DVD serves as a cyclovertical analog of the horizontal convergence used by some patients to help dampen the horizontal component of latent nystagmus, thereby preventing adecrease in vision that the latent nystagmus would otherwise cause. We are not aware of any other postulates on the cause of DVD.

The association between DVD and horizontal strabismus, particularly infantile esotropia has been well described, and DVD also occurs in the context of acquired esotropia, congenital and acquired exotropia, and sometimes intermittent exotropia. Oftentimes surgical correction of the horizontal strabismus is performed at the time of DVD surgery. We were unable to find any studies or discussion of the effect of DVD surgery on concurrent horizontal strabismus; possible reasons are that the two are often repaired simultaneously, or the horizontal strabismus alone is repaired if the DVD is not severe enough. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether surgery for DVD alone in patients with concomitant horizontal strabismus can improve control of the latter, thereby avoiding additional horizontal muscle surgery.

Effect of Addition of Garlic and Ginger Powder on Physicochemical, Microbiological and Organoleptic Characteristics of White Cheese

                                                   http://austinpublishinggroup.com/obesity/

Cheese is one of the most widely consumed fermented dairy products with growing consumer demand. It is an excellent dietary source of high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals such as absorbable dietary calcium. Hundreds of types of cheese are produced in the world. Their styles, textures and flavours depend on the origin of milk, animal diet, butterfat content, bacteria and mould, the processing, and ageing conditions. Definition of cheese, a concentrated dairy food made from milk, is defined as the fresh or matured product obtained by draining the whey (the moisture or serum of the original milk) after coagulation of casein, milk’s. Cheese is a vital fermented dairy product which had a major role in human nutrition for centuries. It is an excellent tasty, 99% digestible energy food, which is suitable for all age groups and contains high-quality proteins. The processes involved are acidification, coagulation, cooking, salting, dehydration or syneresis, and pressing, packaging and maturation or storage.

Thereare two main types of cheeses in Sudan white cheese (Jibnabeida), and braided semi-hard cheese (Mudaffarra) other types of cheese provided recently by Sudanese industries are Mozzarella and Gouda cheese. White cheese (Jibna-Beida) is the most common kind of cheese on the Sudanese market available to the public. The processing of Jibna-Beida is done traditionally, begins by receiving cow’s raw milk which is strained and mixed with salt in a clean petrol drum. Then 4 or 5 rennet tablets (8-10g) are crushed, suspended in a little water and added to each drum, with constant stirring. The milk is next covered with cheesecloth and left to coagulate within 4-6 hours. The curd is transferred to wooden moulds lined with cheesecloth and left to drain overnight. The cheese obtained is cut into cubes and placed into petrol cans. The whey is added to the cheese to immerse it completely and the cans hermetically sealed by soldering. Cheese is then stored.

Ocular Malignancy: Current Indian Scenario

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Ocular malignancy is a rare and highly curable malignancy. India does not have a proper registry for ocular malignancies but according to experts it harbours almost 20% of global ocular cancer cases due to its huge population and the incidence is on the rise. Being a relatively rare cancer and due to complexity involved in its multimodality treatment approach very few centres in India are capable of providing the state of the art care for this disease entity. Common cancers of the eye include retinoblastoma, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma, or metastatic cancer from other parts of the body (secondary ocular cancer). Secondary ocular cancers are more common than primary ocular cancer. Retinoblastoma is the most common primary ocular cancer in children whereas melanoma is the most common primary ocular cancer in the adult. Tata Memorial Hospital registries from 1984-1993 show that peak incidence of retinoblastoma are in the age group of 0-4 years. The overall incidence of ocular cancer is 0.4% in male and 0.32% in female.

The field of ocular oncology is spreading its horizon with new developments and gaining attention worldwide. Many centres have already created dedicated ocular oncology management group and more are coming up with the same idea. As a result, cure rate and overall survival have improved significantly over the years. For example, retinoblastoma was considered a fatal disease earlier but now with multimodality treatment approach (mainly surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) it is one of the most successfully treated pediatric cancer globally. Although according to literature in developing countries about half of all retinoblastoma cases present late (with extra-ocular disease) to a tertiary care referral center necessitating the need for a coordinated approach in the management of ocular malignancies.

The Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) During Maintenance Chemotherapy and Subsequent Multimodal Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma (GBM)

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Diffuseastrocytic tumors are brain tumors occurring in adults and children. The grade IV tumor, called Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent brain tumor in adults with an incidence of 3 to 4 per 100000 adults per year. In spite of standard multimodal treatment, consisting of neurosurgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis is poor with a median Overall Survival (OS) of only 15 months. At time of relapse the Progression-Free Survival (PFS) is 6 months, and the median PFS and OS have not improved over the last decade. In spite of being an orphan disease, GBMs cause the highest number of years of life lost due to cancer.

Amongstother innovative approaches like anti-angiogenesis and targeted therapy, immunotherapy has been developed as an innovative approach to control GBM. Active specific immunotherapy is based on the injection of autologous mature dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens derived from different sources. Numerous clinical studies and reviews have been published on the role of immunotherapy for patients with GBM. All point to feasibility of the technology without major side effects. Recently a large phase III clinical trial integrating DC vaccination during first line treatment, or in cross-over at time of disease progression, demonstrated improved long-term overall survival. Moreover, meta-analyses pointed out the significant effect of active specific immunotherapy on OS compared to intra-institutional historical control patients.

Is there Weakness Area in Airway?

                                              http://austinpublishinggroup.com/otolaryngology/

ObstructiveSleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. In 2008, we have reported the relationship between Body mass index (BMI) and airway configuration. Maximum anterior-posterior diameter (AP) and lateral width (LW) of the cross-section airway were measured, and the square area (SA) was calculated. The airway cross-section area (AWA) was also measured, and then the AWA/SA ratio was calculated. The mean AWA/SA score was 11.2% smaller in OSA patients and this difference was statistically significant. From this result, the difference of airway configuration between non-OSA and OSA patients was quantitatively revealed.

Inthe qualitative observation, the airway of non-OSA was square or elliptical shape. On the other hand, the airway of OSA presented triangle shape, especially in the obese patients. From this finding, we hypothesized that there is structural weakness of airway in the bilateral posterior region. In this short report, to discover the weakness region in the airway, the airway configuration change under negative pressure was observed. Subject was 33 year-old, female, who had no OSA. She agreed with the purpose of this study, and signed. Her body mass index was 19kg/m2. This research was approved by the Ethical Committee at Tsurumi University Dental Hospital. The respiratory mask and the syringe were connected, and the pressure gage (AP-V40, Keyence Japan, Osaka) was set on the syringe.