Low Heterozygosity and Gene Flow Obtained in Hatchery Raised Populations of Catla Catla (Ham, 1822) as Compared to Feral Population Identified Through DNA Fingerprinting

                            http://austinpublishinggroup.com/proteomics-bioinformatics-genomics/

The present investigation focused to revealed gene flow and genetic differentiation among riverine (Narmada river, n=04), reservoir (Tighra reservoir, n=04 and hatchery raised (Fish Federation Pond, n=07; Khatik Fish Farm, n=05) populations of Catla Catla (Hamilton, 1822) of Madhya Pradesh. Results clearly reflected as Riverine>Reservoir>Fish Federation Pond>Khatik Fish Farm gene flow and even all parameter analyzed for genetic divergence among the populations. Nei’s gene diversity (h) was observed as 0.1382 in Fish Federation Pond, 0.1342 and 0.1739 in Khatik Fish Farm and Narmada River, 0.1490 populations reflecting much higher gene diversity in feral population. The Genetic Differentiation (GST) among the populations was found as GST=0.2380, estimates of gene flow between population (Nm=1.6010), intra-population heterozygosity as HS 0.2457 and total heterozygosity as HT=0.3225 clearly reflecting less genetic differentiation as overall when compared to other fish populations. Analyses genetic polymorphism (P) as 38.59% in hatchery raised population was obtained which as well much slighter as compared to wild populations since 60.30 in Narmada River and 51.63 in Tighra reservoir have been obtained. Overall research indicates that, as compared to wild stock, the genetic changes including reduced genetic diversity have taken place in hatched stocks. This baseline information on genetic variation would be useful for planning intended for effective strategies for conservation and remediation of Catla Catla freshwater fish species.

Freshwater animals have been much greater losses than animals found in terrestrial ecosystems, and freshwater fishes are among the world’s most endangered vertebrates. Most of the fish used for human consumption is obtained through exploitation of wild populations. Allelic diversity (richness) is one of the most important and commonly used estimators of genetic diversity in populations. It strongly depends on the effective population size and past evolutionary history. However, the number of observed alleles and their frequency distribution also depend on the sample size and the genetic marker system used. Thus, a practical method for reliable estimation of genetic diversity parameters in large populations is needed for population genetic studies and to develop scientifically sound strategies for genetic resource conservation. RAPD technique evaluates the genetic disparity within or between the taxa of concern by assessing the occurrence or lack of each product, which is directed by alteration in the DNA sequence at each locus.