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Tuesday 12 June 2018

Applications of Ultrastructural Morphometry in Diagnostic Pathology

                                              http://austinpublishinggroup.com/pathology/


Quantitativeultrastructural cytopathology, hematopathology and histopathology have been playing a vital role in understanding of cellular, subcellular and extracellular components. Role of various cellular and tissue structures, taking part in physiology and pathophysiology of diseases could be better understood through quantitative evaluation. Optical microscopy still remains a valid tool in diagnostic hematopathology, cytopathology and histopathology, but has its own limitations in terms of resolution. Majority of the pathologists never go beyond 40x objective lens that could give a resolving power of 385 nm only. Deeper exploration at ultrastructural level complemented with Ultrastructural Morphometry (UM) has been found to be of great help in resolving the diagnostic issues in a variety of pathological conditions like: renal disorders, myopathies, neuropathies, carcinomas, liver disorders, viral lesions etc. Image analysis provides systematic means of quantitative measurements. Statistical analysis of quantitative parameters could be used to evaluate the correlation between survival and mortality due to a pathological malady.


Digital imaging technology and use of image analysis software at Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) have given quantitative flip to our diagnostic capabilities. Optimal applications of ultrastructural morphometry on the acquired images would provide us a wealth of quantitative data for diagnostic and research pursuits. Manual Morphometry for computing the ultrastructural size using ‘Slide Guide’ ultrastructural size calculator (Dunn & Reidman, Calif, USA), supplied by M/s Taab Laboratories, Berkshire, UK, still remains a valid method on accurately enlarged electron micrographs. Rayat validated a new method for ultrastructural morphometry using ‘dual axes tangential scale. Measurement of ‘Glomerular Basement Membrane Thickness’ (GBMT) is must for an accurate diagnosis of ‘Thin Basement Membrane Disease’ (TBMD). Rayat et al. exhibited the role of ultrastructural morphometry in ascertaining a cut-off value of GBMT in Indian adults following the footsteps of Steffes et al. and Jensen et al.












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