http://austinpublishinggroup.com/lung-cancer-research/fulltext/ajlcr-v1-id1006.php
Uncontrolledcell division that spreads throughout the body is cancer; it’s a group of
diseases which can lead to death if not controlled. External factors (tobacco,
infectious organisms, and unhealthy diet) and internal factors (inherited
genetic mutations, hormones, and immune conditions) are the main causes of
cancer. These i.e. external and internal may act composed or in order resulting
cancer, it may pass a decade from exposure to detection of cancer. Among all
types of cancers lung and breast cancers are most diagnosed and leading cause
of deaths in men and women. WHO report states that the common causes of cancer
deaths are cancers of lung (1.59 million deaths), liver (745 000 deaths),
stomach (723 000 deaths), colorectal (694 000 deaths), breast (521 000 deaths),
oesophageal cancer (400 000 deaths). Mainly cancer arises from the
interaction of person’s genetic factors and three types of external factors
like physical carcinogens (Ultraviolet and Ionizing radiation), chemical
carcinogens (Tobacco, asbestos, smoke, aflatoxin, and arsenic) and biological
carcinogens (virus, bacteria and parasites). The incidence of cancer is more in
developed nations than less developed nations but mortality is more (65%) in
less developed nations. Prostate cancer in men and lung cancer in women is
leading death cause of cancer in more developed Nations, the burden of cancer
is slowly shifting to less developed Nations due to the aging of the population
and increasing pervasiveness. The genus Caralluma of
Asclepiadaceae comprises of approximately 350 species all around the globe.
Genus Caralluma normally
prefers a dry habitat and decay when they are exposed to an excess of water.
The support may be necessary, as they do not contain fibrous tissue. Some of
the plants grow even up to a height of 100 cm under protection. Review of
literature revealed medicinal uses of genus Caralluma. The
distribution of Carallumas ranges from the
Mediterranean to East Indies, mostly found in Southern Europe, Iran, Iraq,
African countries like Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Ethiopia, Arabian countries
like Oman, UAE and Yemen and Asian countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan, India,
Nepal, Burma and Sri Lanka.
The
data in the present review is retrieved from the published papers through
online bibliographic databases: Google Scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge and
Science Direct Navigator. There are a number of publications on caralluma but
we considered the ones with lung cancer activity.
Non-Small
Cell Lung Cancer is the most common type of lung cancer, among all lung cancers
85% of cases are Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLC). NSCLC is further
subdivided into Squamous Cell Carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma.
The cells differ in size and shape and chemical makeup when looked under the
microscope in these subtypes.
Squamous
cell carcinoma: Squamous cell carcinoma is also known as epidermoid
carcinoma; about 25-30% of NSCLC is squamous cell carcinoma. It starts in the
flat squamous cell that is lined in the airways of the lungs, squamous cell
carcinoma is often linked to smoking, and these are usually located in the
large bronchi that join the trachea to the lung. A Continuous cough with blood,
out of breath, fatigue, discomfort when swallowing, chest pain, fever,
hoarseness, weight loss and poor appetite, are the common signs and symptoms.
Individuals experience hypocalcaemia which results in muscle weakness;
Obstruction of the airway may lead to pneumonia and atelectasis. Squamous Cell
carcinoma can be diagnosed through chest CT scan, sputum cytology, brocho
scopy, PET scan and Endobronchial Ultrasound.
No comments:
Post a Comment