TB Treatment Success Rate in Ethiopia: Key Findings & Challenges

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health issue, infecting one-third of the world's population. Despite efforts, Ethiopia's TB treatment success rate remains below the WHO End TB target (≥90%).

A systematic review and meta-analysis examined drug-susceptible TB treatment outcomes from 2015 to 2023, analyzing 43 observational studies covering 35,046 patients.

Key Findings: TB Treatment Success Rate in Ethiopia 

➡️ Related: Treatment Outcomes and Interrelated Factors amongPatients with Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis in Ethiopiafrom Espousal of “New Post-2015 End TB Strategy” toEnd of 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Overall Success Rate: 82.4% (95% CI: 79.04% – 85.7%)
Regional Disparities:

• Sidama (95.5%), Addis Ababa (90.5%), Harari (89.9%)
• Afar (84.2%), Amhara (82.5%), Oromia (80.2%)
• Southwest Ethiopia (55.4%) – Lowest rate
  

Key Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes:

• Pulmonary TB (Smear -/+)
• Older age & rural residence
• TB/HIV co-infection & HIV-positive status
• Retreatment cases
• Distance from healthcare facilities

Conclusion: Need for Targeted Interventions. Ethiopia's TB treatment success rate is below the WHO End TB strategy threshold. To improve outcomes, special attention is needed for:

• Regions with lower success rates
• TB/HIV co-infected & retreatment cases
• Older patients & rural communities

Corresponding author: Moges Getie Workie**

Full Length Article: Treatment Outcomes and Interrelated Factors amongPatients with Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis in Ethiopiafrom Espousal of “New Post-2015 End TB Strategy” toEnd of 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal: Austin Tuberculosis: Research & Treatment

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Middle Meatus Cultures: A Key Tool in Pediatric Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis (ABRS) Diagnosis

Introduction

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis (ABRS) can lead to serious orbital and intracranial complications in children. This study evaluates the reliability of Middle Meatus Cultures (MMCx) and Blood Cultures (BCx) in predicting bacterial infections in pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Key Findings

📌 Study Population: 78 pediatric patients with ABRS requiring surgery
📌 Complications Observed:

• 34.6% intracranial complications
• 78.2% orbital complications (48.7% orbital cellulitis, 38.4% subperiosteal abscess)

📌 Culture Accuracy:

 

• ✅ MMCx correlated with surgical cultures (60%)
• ❌ BCx showed low correlation (5.5%)

🔬 Staphylococcus aureus on MMCx was a strong predictor of infection (p = 0.009), while 87% of blood cultures had no bacterial growth, making them unreliable.

Why MMCx is More Reliable Than Blood Cultures

• Stronger correlation with surgical cultures
• More accurate for tailoring antibiotic therapy
• Helps prevent unnecessary antibiotic use

➡️ Read: Best Antibiotics for Sinus Infections in Children

Conclusion

Middle Meatus Cultures (MMCx) are a reliable diagnostic tool for pediatric ABRS treatment, outperforming blood cultures in predicting bacterial infections and guiding antibiotic therapy.

📌 Takeaways:
✔ MMCx is a strong predictor of bacterial infection
✔ Blood cultures are unreliable for pediatric ABRS
✔ Using MMCx improves treatment precision

 

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Michael Lichtenberg**

Full Length Article: Safety And Efficacy Analysis of The Clottriever CatheterSystem in Acute and Subacute Iliofemoral Deep VeinThrombosis Treatment

Journal: Austin Journal of Vascular Medicine

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

ClotTriever Catheter System: A Game-Changer in Iliofemoral DVT Treatment

Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) affects 25% of all DVT cases, with a higher risk of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Standard anticoagulation therapy often fails, leading to chronic pain, swelling, and venous ulcers.

Why Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy (PMT)?

Compared to Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (CDT), PMT offers:

• Lower PTS risk (PMT Villalta score: 2.1 vs. CDT: 5.1, P=0.03)
• Reduced bleeding complications (PMT: 0.2 units transfused vs. CDT: 1.2 units, P<0.05)
• Higher 6-month primary patency rates

What is the ClotTriever Catheter System?

The ClotTriever System (FDA & CE approved) is a minimally invasive mechanical thrombectomy device that removes clots without thrombolytics.

• Single-session thrombectomy
• Effectively removes acute & chronic thrombus
• Faster recovery, fewer complications

Clinical Evidence: CLOUT Registry Findings

A study of 250 patients showed:

• 99.6% treated in a single session
• 28-minute median thrombectomy time
• No thrombolytics required

Who Should Consider ClotTriever?

• Iliofemoral DVT patients
• High-risk PTS individuals
• Those contraindicated for thrombolytics

Conclusion

The ClotTriever Catheter System offers a safe, effective, and minimally invasive thrombectomy solution, reducing PTS and VTE risks while enhancing patient outcomes.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Michael Lichtenberg**

Full Length Article: Safety And Efficacy Analysis of The Clottriever CatheterSystem in Acute and Subacute Iliofemoral Deep VeinThrombosis Treatment

Journal: Austin Journal of Vascular Medicine

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

 

Call for Manuscripts & Special Issue Proposals – Austin Publishing Group (2025)

We are pleased to invite manuscript submissions and special issue proposals for publication in 2025 with Austin Publishing Group, a globally recognized open-access publisher. Our journals are indexed in ResearchGate, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and other leading databases, ensuring maximum visibility and impact for your research.

Why Publish With Us?

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We welcome original research, reviews, case studies, and special issue proposals across various disciplines. If you are interested in organizing a special issue, we encourage you to submit a proposal outlining your topic and objectives.

📩 Submit your manuscript or proposal today!
For submission guidelines and further details, visit [https://austinpublishinggroup.com/] or contact us at [austinpublishinggroup@gmail.com].

We look forward to your valuable contribution in 2025!

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The Role of High Intra-Abdominal Pressure During Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the Treatment of Spontaneously Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study

Objectives: This study explores the clinical value of surgical resection combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) under elevated Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) in treating Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (srHCC). Methods: The clinical data of 79 patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2023 for surgical treatment of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma with hemorrhage were analyzed. Patients who received surgical resection combined with intraperitoneal hemoperfusion chemotherapy were included in the experimental group, which was further divided into Low-HIPEC group and High-HIPEC group based on the perfusion pressure. The control group (n-HIPEC group) included those who performed surgery alone. The clinical data, postoperative hospitalization time, complications, Postoperative Tumor-free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS), and independent risk factors affecting prognosis were compared between the three groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the number of complications and laboratory tests (before the treatment) between the three groups (P>0.05). The PFS was greater in the experimental group compared to the control group, with the High-HIPEC group exhibiting the highest rate, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the OS did not show a statistically significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: High IAP in HIPEC is well tolerated and significantly improves patient prognosis.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Jian Niu**

Full Length Article: The Role of High Intra-Abdominal Pressure DuringHyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) inthe Treatment of Spontaneously Ruptured HepatocellularCarcinoma: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study

Journal: Austin Surgical Oncology

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Inhibitor Targeting METTL3 Partially Reverses Damage Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mouse and Cell Models

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a potentially fatal condition with no effective cure. Recent studies have shown that progressively increasing pulmonary vascular resistance and irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling are key factors contributing to pulmonary hypertension. Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), a key N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, it has been shown that elevated levels of METTL3 expression is a risk factor for pulmonary hypertension, Elevated levels of METTL3 contribute to vascular remodeling in the lungs, resulting in increased pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Methods: To obtain a model of pulmonary hypertension, we placed C57BL/6 male mice in a 500-liter ventilated room with a 10% oxygen concentration for four weeks. After mice were placed in a hypoxic incubator for two weeks, they were started on intraperitoneal injections of STM2457 once a day for two weeks, after which right ventricular pressure was measured using a Miller catheter, right ventricular remodeling is determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining, right ventricular hypertrophy was assessed using the right ventricular/left ventricular + septum (RV/LV+S) ratio and relative expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 protein by western blot. The impact of STM2457 on Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (HPASMCs) under hypoxia was examined by evaluating their viability, proliferation, migration and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins. Results: In mouse models of hypoxic PAH, METTL3 expression was significantly increased and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Treatment with STM2457 significantly decreased right ventricular pressure and hypertrophy, and inhibited molecules associated with the inflammation signaling pathway. Additionally, the inhibition of METTL3 by STM2457 attenuated hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of HPASMCs, while further inhibiting molecules associated with the inflammation signaling pathway. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained above, we are confident that treatment with STM2457 targeting METTL3 significantly reduces damage in PAH model mice and cells.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Hui Li**

Full Length Article: Inhibitor Targeting METTL3 Partially Reverses Damage Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mouse and Cell Models

Journal: Austin Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

A Simplified Splint Tubing Technique of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation in Rat

Background: Heterotopic Heart Transplantation (HHT) in rats has been established for the study of transplantation immunology. Our goal was to describe a Splint Tubing Technique (STT) for cervical HHT in rats. Methods: Wistar-Furth rats were performed in HHT using STT and Suture Technique (ST). With STT, the surgical procedure connected with the recipient external jugular vein (EJV), Common Carotid Artery (CCA) to the donor Pulmonary Artery (PA), Ascending Aorta (AA) using an 18G and 20G cuff, respectively. The surgical success rate and operation time was recorded. Graft function was assessed by pulse palpation and echocardiography. The cardiac pathology was analyzed by HE staining. TUNEL and western blotting were used to measure apoptosis in each rat. Results: Averaged total operation time using ST was much longer than STT. The success rate of STT was 83.3%, which showed significantly higher than ST (55.0%). HE staining of STT group showed the same acute rejection compared to ST group. Same tendency of apoptosis in two groups was detected by TUNEL and western blotting. Conclusions: Our simplified STT for HHT in rats is an easy, convenient, stable, and reliable method. It simplified the rat HHT procedure, shortened operation time, reduced surgical difficulty, improved technical success rate.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Xuechao Yang**

Full Length Article: A Simplified Splint Tubing Technique of HeterotopicHeart Transplantation in Rat

Journal: Thrombosis & Haemostasis: Research

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

The Effect of Nitrogen and NPS Fertilizer Rates and Inter-row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Head Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) under Irrigation in Bako, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Head cabbage is a popular leafy vegetable consumed all over the world. However, a number of factors, such as diminished soil fertility and poor agronomic practices, frequently restrict the crop’s production and productivity. A study was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center, under surface irrigation, during the cropping seasons of 2022 and 2023 for two years, to determine the effects of three levels of inter-row spacing, Nitrogen from urea, and Phosphorus from (NPS), were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications in a 3x3x3 factorial arrangement. The results analysis of variance indicated that the inter-row spacing of 55 cm had a substantial effect on the marketable yield (27483 kg ha-1) and total yield, (31842 kg ha-1). Likewise, 69 N ha-1 fertilizer rates from urea gave the highest marketable yield of 27861 kg ha-1 and total cabbage yield of 31824 kg ha-1. The partial budget analysis across year showed the highest net benefit of, 274720.0 birr obtained. Therefore, application 69 N ha-1 fertilizers and 100 kg ha-1 NPS with inter-row spacing of 55 cm under irrigation can be recommended for the production of head cabbage in study area and similar agroecology ecology based on the study’s findings

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Mamo Mekonnen Feyanbule*

Full Length Article: The Effect of Nitrogen and NPS Fertilizer Rates andInter-row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of HeadCabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) under Irrigation in Bako,Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Journal: Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Advancing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, A Few Messages

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and common procedure, but it can be associated with some complications. These complications may occur during the surgery or in the following days or weeks. We will highlight some complications or risks of laparoscopic cholecystectomy through three clinical images while explaining the preventive measures

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Javier Espina Hellín*

Full Length Article: Optimizing Drug Distribution Logistics in the Community of Madrid

Journal: Journal of Family Medicine

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Optimizing Drug Distribution Logistics in the Community of Madrid

Health-related services, and specifically drugs, are one of the most important economic activities in modern societies. Drugs, as a final medical product, constitute the basis for improving the quality of health services. In this article, we propose as a general working hypothesis that better rationalization in the logistics distribution of drugs, through a combination of an optimal location of distribution centers, transport routes, and a rational selection of means of transport, could positively influence both the perceived quality of care and the quality of drugs by the user. In addition, we study how to reduce energy consumption, the carbon footprint (CO2 ), the risk of non-supply, refrigeration, and monitoring costs, and, ultimately, the final cost of centralized drug distribution. On this basis, we have built a model taking all the data from the geographic locations of more than 2,500 pharmacies in the Community of Madrid, and with the help of the R program, the data have been classified into ‘clusters’ using minimum distances and giving different center solutions depending on the number of clusters.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Javier Espina Hellín*

Full Length Article: Optimizing Drug Distribution Logistics in the Community of Madrid

Journal: Journal of Family Medicine

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Effect of Different Environmental Exposures on Retinal Arteriolar and Venular Diameters in Healthy Individuals and Those with Increased Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review

Context: Fundus scanning has emerged as a non-invasive way to estimate the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Research suggests that environmental risk factors, such as diet and smoking, influences the structure of the retinal microvasculature, particularly the central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents (CRAE & CRVE). Objective: This systematic review provides an updated overview of existing research on the effect of diet, smoking, physical activity, air pollution, alcohol consumption and miscellaneous exposures on retinal microvasculature in healthy individuals and people at risk for cardiovascular disease. Data Sources: The databases PubMed, Web of Science, OVID were used as data sources and were last accessed September 12nd 2024. Study Selection: Peer-reviewed studies investigating the effect of any type of environmental exposure on retinal microvessel diameters in healthy individuals and people at risk for cardiovascular disease were included. Data Extraction: Relevant information and outcomes of 88 studies were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed using the NIH quality assessment tool. Data from each included study was extracted by two independent reviewers, while a third reviewer checked for consensus. Conclusions: Several dietary components, including numerous phytochemicals or fish oils have beneficial effects while other components (high glycemic index products, red meat) have deleterious effects on the retinal microvasculature. There was no unilateral association between smoking and CRAE nor CRVE. A decrease in retinal vessel diameters is induced by isometric exercise, whereas endurance exercise causes increased diameters. Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) exposure induces decreases in CRAE and CRVE. Further research is necessary to attain scientific consensus on the effects of alcohol consumption on the retinal microvasculature.  

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Simone G Van Breda*

Full Length Article: Effect of Different Environmental Exposures on Retinal Arteriolar and Venular Diameters in Healthy Individuals and Those with Increased Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review

Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

 

High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Ellagic Acid in Topical Cream Formulations as Hyperpigmentation Treatment

Skin hyperpigmentation is a dermatological condition that cause a change in skin coloration. In this condition an overproduction of melanin happens in skin melanocytes. Ellagic Acid (EA) is a pharmaceutical substance that found in many fruits and plants which is quite useful to apply in skin products due to its antityrosinase and antioxidant activity. In this study a topical cream of EA was prepared and methanol was employed as extraction solvent to determine the amount of EA in the formulation. For this aim we have developed and validated a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method in order to evaluation the amount of EA in cream. The developed method was validated against criteria such as linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) due to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, Q2. Our results showed high specificity, linearity (R2=0.9973), sensitivity and acceptable precision and accuracy rate. By our developed HPLC method the concentration of EA in topical cream was calculated, and it was found to be 9.81 mg/ml. Also, this method can be used for EA determining in lipid nanoparticles, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs)For more information, visit the full study through below link.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Golmohammadzadeh S, and Jaafari MR*

Full Length Article: High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Ellagic Acid in Topical Cream Formulations as Hyperpigmentation Treatment

Journal: Austin Journal of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

 

Knuckle-Dimple-Dimple-Dimple Sign

 

A 15-year-old girl, second in birth order from consanguineous marriage, presented with progressive weight gain over five years. Upon examination, she had a round face, almond-shaped eyes, acanthosis nigricans, short stature (height SDS -2.5), and obesity (BMI 30.6 kg/m). Her hands and feet showed short, stubby fingers with positive Archibald sign, characterized by a “knuckle-dimple-dimple-dimple” pattern (Figure 1a). Her mother and maternal grandmother shared similar hand features, suggesting a familial inheritance. Radiographic evaluation of the hands revealed Type E brachydactyly based on the Tamtamy classification, with shortening of 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals and phalanges (Figure 1b). Biochemical testing showed normal calcium, phosphate, and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels, ruling out true hypoparathyroidism. In presence of normal regulation of mineral ion homeostasis, short stature, obesity and typical Albright’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy (AHO) feature, diagnosis of pseudopseudo hypoparathyroidism was stablished. This rare autosomal dominant disorder is caused by GNAS gene mutation.

For more information, visit the full study through below link.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Ejaz Alam*

Full Length Article: Knuckle-Dimple-Dimple-Dimple Sign

Journal: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology

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Advancing Epilepsy Diagnosis: Insights from EEG Signal Analysis with SVM and CNN

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in elderly populations, often linked to age-related conditions such as stroke and neurodegeneration. Traditional EEG signal analysis for epilepsy diagnosis is time-consuming, subjective, and unsuitable for clinical use, emphasizing the necessity for automated approaches. This study evaluates the performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in classifying EEG signals for epileptic seizure detection, utilizing the Bonn University EEG dataset. Time- and frequency-domain features were extracted, and 10-fold cross-validation was employed to validate the results. The findings reveal that SVM achieved 100% accuracy in distinguishing simple EEG states, such as healthy versus seizure conditions. Meanwhile, CNN outperformed SVM in processing more complex signals, achieving an average accuracy of over 98%. The results highlight the potential of integrating traditional machine learning with deep learning methods to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. These findings lay a strong foundation for developing advanced EEG-based diagnostic tools tailored to elderly epilepsy patients, facilitating more timely and effective clinical interventions

For more information, visit the full study through below link.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Ting Wang*

Full Length Article: Advancing Epilepsy Diagnosis: Insights from EEG Signal Analysis with SVM and CNN

Journal: Gerontology & Geriatrics: Research

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Mathematical analysis of medicinal plants for treating schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a chronic and severe mental disorder, affects approximately 1% of the global population. Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, many patients experience suboptimal treatment responses or debilitating side effects. This has spurred interest in alternative treatments, including medicinal plants. This study aims to conduct a biostatistical analysis of medicinal plants used in treating schizophrenia, evaluating their efficacy and safety through rigorous statistical methods. And this study is dedicated to exploring the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Specifically, a carefully formulated prescription consisting of 12g of Moutan Bark, 12g of Gardenia Fruit, 12g of Angelica Sinensis Root, 12g of Silk Tree Bark, 12g of Buddha’s Hand Fruit, 12g of Fermented Soybean, 6g of Coptis Root, 6g of Cinnamon Bark, 15g of Chinese Yam Rhizome, 6g of Amomum Fruit, 6g of Licorice Root, 10g of Solomonseal Rhizome, 10g of Green Citrus Peel, and 15g of Spiny Ziziphus Seed was used for treatment. This meticulously blended formula demonstrated remarkable efficacy in rigorous clinical trials. After a period of treatment, patients not only experienced effective alleviation of symptoms but also saw a significant improvement in their quality of life. This achievement not only validates the unique value of traditional Chinese medicine in treating schizophrenia but also offers new treatment options and hope for a wide range of patients.

For more information, visit the full study through below link.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Bin Zhao*

Full Length Article: Mathematical analysis of medicinal plants for treating schizophrenia

Journal: Journal of Community Medicine & Health Care

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Biostatistical Analysis on Incidence of Bacteria

This study investigated the incidence of bacteria and their antibiogram profile urine samples collected from students of the Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. A total of thirty (30) midstream urine samples were collected and bacteria in the samples were isolated using the spread plate method after which biochemical characterization was carried out. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Klebsiella species, Salmonella species and Proteus species were the bacterial species isolated after which Kirby- Baurer disc diffusion antimicrobial assay was used to test their sensitivity against various antibiotics, such as Gentamycin, Cotrimozaxole, Ceftriaxone, Amoxyclay, Levofloxacin and Clavatin. From the study, Proteusspp shows zones of inhibition of (7mm for Cotrimozaxole), (5mm for Ceftriaxone), 5mm (for Gentmycin), (5mm), and 4mm (for Amoxyclav). E. coli 6.2 mm (Gentamycin), 3.6 mm (Levofloxacin), and 3.6 mm (Levofloxacin) zones of inhibition respectively. Gentamycin obtained 4.00mm, Levofloxacin 2.00mm and erythromycin 1.00 mm against Pseudomonas spp. Zones of inhibition were only observed on Clavatin (2.1 mm) for Salmonella species, while Klebsiella species was however, resistance to all the antibiotics tested. The highest sensitivity was observed in Cotrimozaxole which obtained a diameter of 7mm for Proteus spp., while the lowest zone was recorded for Pseudomonas species against Erythromycin with a diameter of 1 mm. This study revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to the antimicrobial agents the implication of antibacterial resistance as shown in the study. This study therefore recommends that proper hygiene should be observed before ingestion of food and water.

For more information, visit the full study through below link.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Bin Zhao*

Full Length Article: Biostatistical analysis on incidence of bacteria

Journal: Journal of Community Medicine & Health Care

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Enhancing Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Brassica juncea Through Seed Priming with Bio-Control Agents

 

Brassica juncea (Indian mustard), a vital oilseed crop, is highly susceptible to Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a pathogen that severely affects crop yield and quality. This study evaluated the effect of seed priming with bio-control agents, including Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride, and their combination, on two varieties of B. juncea (RH30 and Varuna) under field conditions. Pathogen inoculation was performed at the reproductive stage, and morphological, biochemical, and yield-related parameters were assessed at 10 and 20 Days After Inoculation (DAI). The results demonstrated that the combined application of B. subtilis and T. viride significantly improved plant height, root and shoot biomass, and stem diameter. Biochemical analysis revealed enhanced levels of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, and ascorbate, along with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, including Catalase (CAT), Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO), and Peroxidase (POX). These changes correlated with reduced disease symptoms, such as shorter stem lesion lengths, fewer sclerotia, and decreased stem breakage percentages. Additionally, yield attributes such as the number of siliquae per plant, seed size, and thousand-seed weight were markedly improved in plants treated with the bio-control agents. The combined treatment outperformed individual applications of B. subtilis or T. viride, demonstrating its superior efficacy in reducing disease severity and enhancing yield. This study highlights the potential of integrating bio-control agents into crop management practices to improve resistance against Sclerotinia stem rot and boost productivity in B. juncea. These findings offer a sustainable alternative to chemical methods for managing biotic stresses in oilseed crops.

For more information, visit the full study through below link.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Nita Lakra*

Full Length Article: Enhancing Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Brassica juncea Through Seed Priming with Bio-Control Agents

Journal: Austin Journal of Plant Biology

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Prevalence of Ectoparasite Infestations in Cattle in Damot Sore District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was carried out from February, 2024 to July, 2024 with the objectives of determining the prevalence of major ectoparasites of cattle associated with risk factors and to assess the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation in cattle in Damot sore district, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 384 cattle (119 male and 265 female) were used to study the prevalence on live animals. The result obtained from live cattle demonstrates 52.3 % (201/384) of cattle were infested with one (12.4%) and more (39.9%) ectoparasites. Overall, eight genera of ectoparasites which belong to tick (47.7%), lice (4.4%) and mite (0.3%), were identified. Among the genera of the ticks Amblyomma (24.7%), Boophilus (12.8%), Hayalomma and Rhipicephalus (1%), respectively. Out of ticks the most prevalent genus was Amblyomma with a prevalence of 24.7% followed by genus Boophilus with a prevalence of 12.8% and finally genus Hayalomma and Rhipicephalus with a prevalence of 1.0 %, respectively. Statistically, significant variation (P<0.05) was observed in the prevalence of tick infestation on cattle of different age, sex and herd size groups. Among the genera of lice, the prevalence was mixed lice infestation such as Haematopinus, Linognathus and Damalina (4.4%) were identified. Significant variation (P<0.05) was observed in the prevalence of lice infestation of cattle among the age groups of the study animals. Demodex bovis (0.3%) was the only mite species recorded in this study. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) between the prevalence of mange mite infestation with regard to age, sex and herd size variation. The overall infestation with ectoparasites was high in the females (53.58%) than males (49.57%). The present study revealed that the prevalence of ectoparasites in cattle in the study area and the major ectoparasites identified were tick, lice and mange mite, thus, improved management practice and wellcoordinated control interventions are required.

For more information, visit the full study through below link.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Ejigu Hizikel*

Full Length Article: Prevalence of Ectoparasite Infestations in Cattle inDamot Sore District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Journal: Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry

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Review on Toll-Like Receptors and Their role in Immunity

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-characterized membrane-bound receptors in innate immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. Upon recognition of specific ligands originating from pathogen and modified self-derived molecules, TLRs trigger intracellular signaling cascades that involve various adaptor proteins and enzymes, resulting in the generation of proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses through the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB. TLR-dependent signaling pathways are tightly regulated during innate immune responses by a variety of negative regulators. Efforts to modulate these regulatory pathways and signaling molecules may result in the development of new therapeutic strategies through TLR-based therapy. This paper reviews the roles of TLRs in innate immunity and also emphasizes newly described regulation of TLR-dependent signaling pathways.

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Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Ejigu Hizike*

Full Length Article: Review on Toll-Like Receptors and Their role in Immunity

Journal: Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

The Association of Body Mass Index with Malocclusion in Children - A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

Introduction: The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental malocclusion remains uncertain. This systematic review aims to assess the link between BMI and malocclusion in children and adolescents. Sources of Data and Study Selection: Through electronic and manual searches up to August 2021, 1002 records were found, with 610 screened after removing duplicates. Eight studies were included in qualitative synthesis, and four in quantitative analysis. Malocclusion types, including crossbite, spacing, and crowding, were key review outcomes. The NIH quality assessment tool was used for bias assessment. This review encompassed eight studies involving 4128 children. Pooled analysis demonstrated significantly larger spacing in normal BMI children compared to those with low BMI. No significant difference was found in crossbite prevalence [1.33 (0.42, 4.25), p=0.63, I2=0%, p=0.85]. A quality assessment revealed four good-quality studies and the rest with poor/ fair quality. Conclusion: The impact of BMI on childhood malocclusion remains debated. Current research lacks consistent evidence linking BMI to malocclusion. To progress, future studies need standardized classifications and robust evaluation of confounding factors. This approach will strengthen understanding and guide effective interventions. Clinical Significance: Despite extensive research, the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental malocclusion remains unclear, highlighting the complexity of this relationship. This systematic review suggests that normal BMI children tend to exhibit larger spacing between teeth compared to those with low BMI. Understanding such associations can aid in early detection and intervention strategies for malocclusion in children and adolescents.

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Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Kusum Singal*

Full Length Article: The Association of Body Mass Index with Malocclusion in Children - A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

Journal: Austin Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Ischaemic Monomelic Neuropathy and Compartment Syndrome: A Spectrum of Ischaemia

Ischaemic Monomelic Neuropathy (IMN) is a rare sequelae of arteriovenous fistula formation in the upper limb. It typically presents with sensory disturbance and represented ischaemic to peripheral nerves. A case of ischaemia following fistula revision is presented and ongoing ischaemic leading to acute compartment syndrome. The pathophysiology of IMN is unclear, however the ischaemic insult to the nerves must also affect the other structures in the forearm, including muscles, and should be recognised as spectrum of ischaemia. Progression to compartment syndrome is a significant risk with devastating consequences and should therefore be considered in any neurovascular disturbance following fistula formation.

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Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Tom Challoner*

Full Length Article: Ischaemic Monomelic Neuropathy and CompartmentSyndrome: A Spectrum of Ischaemia

Journal: Austin Surgery Case Reports

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The Impact of Migration on The Eating Habits of Romanians

International migration has become an increasingly frequent phenomenon in recent decades, significantly influencing individuals’ eating behaviors. In the case of Romania, this phenomenon has led to major changes in the population’s diets, both through the emigration of Romanians to other European countries and the immigration of people from other cultures into Romania. This article examines the impact of migration on the eating habits of Romanians, addressing both the benefits and risks associated with these changes. By reviewing specialized literature and relevant case studies, the public health implications are highlighted, and recommendations for promoting a balanced diet are provided.

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Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Ionut Daniel Raducan*

Full Length Article: The Impact of Migration on The Eating Habits of Romanians

Journal: Austin Journal of Nutrition and Foodsciences

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Exploring Chest Disease Classification Methods Using X-ray Image Analysis

 

 

The World Health Organization has suffered from the limited diagnosis support systems and limited physicians. Especially in rural areas, almost all cases are handled by a single physician that is time consuming and tiring. Computer added diagnostic systems are being developed to solve this problem. The automated computer added diagnostic tools are of great significance for patient screening. The computer-aided detection based on Chest X-Ray Radiographs (CXR) play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of the patients having lung diseases such as COVID-19, pneumonia etc. This review article presents a brief overview of all the available computer-aided systems to classify chest diseases using X-ray images. This review emphases the most common chest diseases such as Covid-19 and pneumonia along with different deep learning and machine learning techniques as available in the literature. This review paper can be useful for the researchers who are working in these areas for further improvements and advancements in the current technologies.

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Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Jyoti Gupta*

Full Length Article: Exploring Chest Disease Classification Methods UsingX-ray Image Analysis

Journal: Austin Journal of Radiology

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Scapular Winging or Winged Scapula

 

Clinical Image Winged scapula results from insufficient dynamic fixation of the scapula to the thorax secondary to neuromuscular impairment. Winged scapula is rare but causes significant functional limitations. It is the consequence of neuromotor deficits in one of the scapulothoracic muscles that stabilize the scapula: the serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboid major and minor, and levator scapulae. The two most common causes of winged scapula are; damage to the long thoracic nerve, which innervates the serratus anterior muscle and damage to the accessory nerve, which innervates the trapezius muscle. Electroneuromyography confirms the diagnosis.

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Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Azriouil Ouahb*

Full Length Article: Scapular Winging or Winged Scapula

Journal: Austin Journal of Orthopedics & Rheumatology

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Huntington’s Disease – Something More Than Saint Vitus’s Dance.

The article on Huntington's Disease covers its genetic nature, pathophysiology, and clinical symptoms like motor and cognitive impairments. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis, genetic counseling, and treatment options, including therapies aimed at managing symptoms. It also emphasizes the need for support for both patients and their families.

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Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Muhammed Jasim Abdul*

Full Length Article: Huntington’s Disease – Something More Than Saint Vitus’s Dance.

Journal: Journal of Psychiatry & Mental Disorders

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

The Therapeutic Relationship Between Healthcare Professionals and Hemodialysis Patients. Do the Health Care Professionals Put Themselves in Their Patients’ Shoes?

The study investigates the perception of empathy in the therapeutic relationship between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. It reveals significant discrepancies between how HCPs perceive their empathy and how patients experience it. Nurses, nephrologists, and residents show varying degrees of empathy, with notable gaps in patients’ perceptions. The study emphasizes the importance of empathetic communication for improving patient outcomes, satisfaction, and adherence to treatment, especially in managing chronic conditions like CKD.

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Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Savvatianopoulou M*

Full Length Article: The Therapeutic Relationship Between HealthcareProfessionals and Hemodialysis Patients. Do the HealthCare Professionals Put Themselves in Their Patients’Shoes?

Journal: Austin Journal of Nephrology and Hypertension

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Electrochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Nickel Nanowires

Nanotechnology is paving the way for groundbreaking advancements in medicine, particularly in combating antimicrobial resistance. Among these innovations, nickel nanowires have emerged as a promising tool with remarkable antibacterial properties. This blog delves into the electrochemical synthesis, characterization, and biological applications of nickel nanowires, as explored in a recent study.

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Key Highlights:

1. What are Nickel Nanowires?
   Nickel nanowires are nanoscale structures with high surface-to-volume ratios, magnetic properties, and biological activity, making them suitable for targeted antibacterial and potential anticancer therapies.

2. Synthesis and Characterization:

   • Synthesized using an electrochemical deposition method with anodic aluminum oxide templates.
   • Analyzed through SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) for structural integrity and composition.

3. Antimicrobial Efficacy:

   • Nickel nanowires demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
   • They created significant zones of inhibition, often surpassing traditional antibiotics.

4. Future Applications:

   • The study paves the way for targeted antimicrobial treatments that minimize the risk of resistance.
   • Potential use in cancer research to explore cytotoxic effects on malignant cell

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Conclusion:
Nickel nanowires represent a powerful innovation in the fight against bacterial infections, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional antibiotics. With further research, their application could revolutionize both medicine and global health.

For a more details into the findings and methodologies, check out the full article.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Masooma Jawad*

Full Length Article: Electrochemical Synthesis, Characterization, andAntimicrobial Activity of Nickel Nanowires

Journal: Austin Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Bifurcation Analysis and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of the Tri-Trophic Food Chain Model

 

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of a tri-trophic food chain model through bifurcation analysis and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). Using advanced computational tools like MATLAB’s MATCONT and Python's PYOMO, the research examines how bifurcation points (branch, limit, and Hopf) influence optimization and control strategies.

Key Highlights:

• Bifurcation Analysis: Identified key bifurcation points that lead to multiple steady-state solutions, crucial for understanding system stability.
• Nonlinear Control: Demonstrated that the presence of singularities aids NMPC calculations, achieving an optimal "Utopia solution."
• Tools Used: MATLAB (MATCONT) for bifurcation analysis and Python (PYOMO) for multi-objective optimization.

This work reaffirms the nonlinear complexity of food chain models and showcases the potential of bifurcation insights in enhancing predictive control techniques.

For a deeper dive into the findings and methodologies, check out the full article.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Lakshmi N Sridhar*

Full Length Article: Bifurcation Analysis and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of the Tri-Trophic Food Chain Model

Journal: Austin Chemical Engineering

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Prevalence of Vitamin A and D Deficiencies in Children Under Five in South Asia and Africa: A Narrative Review

 

Micronutrient deficiencies, specifically in vitamins A and D, continue to pose significant public health challenges in South Asia and Africa. This narrative review highlights alarming prevalence rates among children under five in these regions.

Key Findings:

• Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD):

  • South Asia exhibits the highest burden, with Afghanistan (49.3%), Maldives (43.8%), and Pakistan (37%) reporting severe prevalence.
  • In Africa, Mozambique (71.2%), Zambia (56%), and Morocco (40.9%) lead in VAD cases.

• Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD):

  • Prevalence among children in South Asia reaches concerning levels, particularly in Sri Lanka (93%), Nepal (91%), and Afghanistan (81%).
  • Africa shows widespread deficiency, with some regions like Tunisia reporting rates as high as 89.66% in newborns.

 Note: Explore the full-length article at the link provided below.

Conclusion:

Urgent action is required to strengthen vitamin A supplementation programs and implement robust strategies to combat hidden hunger. Addressing these deficiencies is critical to improving health outcomes for the most vulnerable populations.

For more insights and in-depth data, read the full article.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: : Abdul Jaleel

Full Length Article: Prevalence of Vitamin A and D Deficiencies in ChildrenUnder Five in South Asia and Africa: A Narrative Review

Journal: International Journal of Nutritional Sciences

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.