TB Treatment Success Rate in Ethiopia: Key Findings & Challenges

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health issue, infecting one-third of the world's population. Despite efforts, Ethiopia's TB treatment success rate remains below the WHO End TB target (≥90%).

A systematic review and meta-analysis examined drug-susceptible TB treatment outcomes from 2015 to 2023, analyzing 43 observational studies covering 35,046 patients.

Key Findings: TB Treatment Success Rate in Ethiopia 

➡️ Related: Treatment Outcomes and Interrelated Factors amongPatients with Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis in Ethiopiafrom Espousal of “New Post-2015 End TB Strategy” toEnd of 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Overall Success Rate: 82.4% (95% CI: 79.04% – 85.7%)
Regional Disparities:

• Sidama (95.5%), Addis Ababa (90.5%), Harari (89.9%)
• Afar (84.2%), Amhara (82.5%), Oromia (80.2%)
• Southwest Ethiopia (55.4%) – Lowest rate
  

Key Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes:

• Pulmonary TB (Smear -/+)
• Older age & rural residence
• TB/HIV co-infection & HIV-positive status
• Retreatment cases
• Distance from healthcare facilities

Conclusion: Need for Targeted Interventions. Ethiopia's TB treatment success rate is below the WHO End TB strategy threshold. To improve outcomes, special attention is needed for:

• Regions with lower success rates
• TB/HIV co-infected & retreatment cases
• Older patients & rural communities

Corresponding author: Moges Getie Workie**

Full Length Article: Treatment Outcomes and Interrelated Factors amongPatients with Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis in Ethiopiafrom Espousal of “New Post-2015 End TB Strategy” toEnd of 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal: Austin Tuberculosis: Research & Treatment

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Middle Meatus Cultures: A Key Tool in Pediatric Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis (ABRS) Diagnosis

Introduction

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis (ABRS) can lead to serious orbital and intracranial complications in children. This study evaluates the reliability of Middle Meatus Cultures (MMCx) and Blood Cultures (BCx) in predicting bacterial infections in pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Key Findings

📌 Study Population: 78 pediatric patients with ABRS requiring surgery
📌 Complications Observed:

• 34.6% intracranial complications
• 78.2% orbital complications (48.7% orbital cellulitis, 38.4% subperiosteal abscess)

📌 Culture Accuracy:

 

• ✅ MMCx correlated with surgical cultures (60%)
• ❌ BCx showed low correlation (5.5%)

🔬 Staphylococcus aureus on MMCx was a strong predictor of infection (p = 0.009), while 87% of blood cultures had no bacterial growth, making them unreliable.

Why MMCx is More Reliable Than Blood Cultures

• Stronger correlation with surgical cultures
• More accurate for tailoring antibiotic therapy
• Helps prevent unnecessary antibiotic use

➡️ Read: Best Antibiotics for Sinus Infections in Children

Conclusion

Middle Meatus Cultures (MMCx) are a reliable diagnostic tool for pediatric ABRS treatment, outperforming blood cultures in predicting bacterial infections and guiding antibiotic therapy.

📌 Takeaways:
✔ MMCx is a strong predictor of bacterial infection
✔ Blood cultures are unreliable for pediatric ABRS
✔ Using MMCx improves treatment precision

 

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Michael Lichtenberg**

Full Length Article: Safety And Efficacy Analysis of The Clottriever CatheterSystem in Acute and Subacute Iliofemoral Deep VeinThrombosis Treatment

Journal: Austin Journal of Vascular Medicine

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

ClotTriever Catheter System: A Game-Changer in Iliofemoral DVT Treatment

Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) affects 25% of all DVT cases, with a higher risk of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Standard anticoagulation therapy often fails, leading to chronic pain, swelling, and venous ulcers.

Why Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy (PMT)?

Compared to Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (CDT), PMT offers:

• Lower PTS risk (PMT Villalta score: 2.1 vs. CDT: 5.1, P=0.03)
• Reduced bleeding complications (PMT: 0.2 units transfused vs. CDT: 1.2 units, P<0.05)
• Higher 6-month primary patency rates

What is the ClotTriever Catheter System?

The ClotTriever System (FDA & CE approved) is a minimally invasive mechanical thrombectomy device that removes clots without thrombolytics.

• Single-session thrombectomy
• Effectively removes acute & chronic thrombus
• Faster recovery, fewer complications

Clinical Evidence: CLOUT Registry Findings

A study of 250 patients showed:

• 99.6% treated in a single session
• 28-minute median thrombectomy time
• No thrombolytics required

Who Should Consider ClotTriever?

• Iliofemoral DVT patients
• High-risk PTS individuals
• Those contraindicated for thrombolytics

Conclusion

The ClotTriever Catheter System offers a safe, effective, and minimally invasive thrombectomy solution, reducing PTS and VTE risks while enhancing patient outcomes.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Michael Lichtenberg**

Full Length Article: Safety And Efficacy Analysis of The Clottriever CatheterSystem in Acute and Subacute Iliofemoral Deep VeinThrombosis Treatment

Journal: Austin Journal of Vascular Medicine

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

 

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The Role of High Intra-Abdominal Pressure During Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the Treatment of Spontaneously Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study

Objectives: This study explores the clinical value of surgical resection combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) under elevated Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) in treating Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (srHCC). Methods: The clinical data of 79 patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2023 for surgical treatment of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma with hemorrhage were analyzed. Patients who received surgical resection combined with intraperitoneal hemoperfusion chemotherapy were included in the experimental group, which was further divided into Low-HIPEC group and High-HIPEC group based on the perfusion pressure. The control group (n-HIPEC group) included those who performed surgery alone. The clinical data, postoperative hospitalization time, complications, Postoperative Tumor-free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS), and independent risk factors affecting prognosis were compared between the three groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the number of complications and laboratory tests (before the treatment) between the three groups (P>0.05). The PFS was greater in the experimental group compared to the control group, with the High-HIPEC group exhibiting the highest rate, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the OS did not show a statistically significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: High IAP in HIPEC is well tolerated and significantly improves patient prognosis.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Jian Niu**

Full Length Article: The Role of High Intra-Abdominal Pressure DuringHyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) inthe Treatment of Spontaneously Ruptured HepatocellularCarcinoma: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study

Journal: Austin Surgical Oncology

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

Inhibitor Targeting METTL3 Partially Reverses Damage Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mouse and Cell Models

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a potentially fatal condition with no effective cure. Recent studies have shown that progressively increasing pulmonary vascular resistance and irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling are key factors contributing to pulmonary hypertension. Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), a key N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, it has been shown that elevated levels of METTL3 expression is a risk factor for pulmonary hypertension, Elevated levels of METTL3 contribute to vascular remodeling in the lungs, resulting in increased pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Methods: To obtain a model of pulmonary hypertension, we placed C57BL/6 male mice in a 500-liter ventilated room with a 10% oxygen concentration for four weeks. After mice were placed in a hypoxic incubator for two weeks, they were started on intraperitoneal injections of STM2457 once a day for two weeks, after which right ventricular pressure was measured using a Miller catheter, right ventricular remodeling is determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining, right ventricular hypertrophy was assessed using the right ventricular/left ventricular + septum (RV/LV+S) ratio and relative expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 protein by western blot. The impact of STM2457 on Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (HPASMCs) under hypoxia was examined by evaluating their viability, proliferation, migration and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins. Results: In mouse models of hypoxic PAH, METTL3 expression was significantly increased and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Treatment with STM2457 significantly decreased right ventricular pressure and hypertrophy, and inhibited molecules associated with the inflammation signaling pathway. Additionally, the inhibition of METTL3 by STM2457 attenuated hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of HPASMCs, while further inhibiting molecules associated with the inflammation signaling pathway. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained above, we are confident that treatment with STM2457 targeting METTL3 significantly reduces damage in PAH model mice and cells.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Hui Li**

Full Length Article: Inhibitor Targeting METTL3 Partially Reverses Damage Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mouse and Cell Models

Journal: Austin Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.

A Simplified Splint Tubing Technique of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation in Rat

Background: Heterotopic Heart Transplantation (HHT) in rats has been established for the study of transplantation immunology. Our goal was to describe a Splint Tubing Technique (STT) for cervical HHT in rats. Methods: Wistar-Furth rats were performed in HHT using STT and Suture Technique (ST). With STT, the surgical procedure connected with the recipient external jugular vein (EJV), Common Carotid Artery (CCA) to the donor Pulmonary Artery (PA), Ascending Aorta (AA) using an 18G and 20G cuff, respectively. The surgical success rate and operation time was recorded. Graft function was assessed by pulse palpation and echocardiography. The cardiac pathology was analyzed by HE staining. TUNEL and western blotting were used to measure apoptosis in each rat. Results: Averaged total operation time using ST was much longer than STT. The success rate of STT was 83.3%, which showed significantly higher than ST (55.0%). HE staining of STT group showed the same acute rejection compared to ST group. Same tendency of apoptosis in two groups was detected by TUNEL and western blotting. Conclusions: Our simplified STT for HHT in rats is an easy, convenient, stable, and reliable method. It simplified the rat HHT procedure, shortened operation time, reduced surgical difficulty, improved technical success rate.

Content Details:-

Corresponding author: Xuechao Yang**

Full Length Article: A Simplified Splint Tubing Technique of HeterotopicHeart Transplantation in Rat

Journal: Thrombosis & Haemostasis: Research

Disclaimer: This content is not owned or created by us. It has been sourced from the respective site, Austin Publishing Group, and is intended purely for study and educational purposes. All rights belong to the original authors and publishers.