In-Vivo Models Used for Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity

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Ulcers are lesions of the skin or mucous membrane characterized by the superficial inflamed dead tissue. Peptic ulcer is the most predominant gastrointestinal disease. Studies showed that gastric ulcer occurs at least 10% of the world population. Peptic ulcer caused by a lack of balance between the gastric aggressive factors and gastric protective factors. Aggressive factors include increased secretion of HCL and pepsin, inadequate dietary habits, free oxygen radicals, consumption of NSAIDs and alcohol, stress and infection of helicobacter pylori. Gastric protective factors include adequate gastric blood flow, secretion of prostaglandins, mucous, nitric oxide, bicarbonates and growth factors.

Drugssuch as anticholinergic, histamine H₂ receptor antagonists, antacids and proton pump inhibitors are commonly used for treatment of peptic ulcer. Prolong use of these drugs may lead to serious adverse effects like thrombocytopenia, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and impotence. Due to unpleasant side effects of existing anti-ulcer drugs, there is need of more effective and safe treatment for ulcers.