Obesityis defined as increased adipose mass arising from energy imbalance. Currently
all over the world, obesity is an epidemic associated with altered whole-body
physiology and hormonal balance that promote risk of developing number of
cancers with poor survival outcome. Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ
that maintains energy homeostasis. Obesity has been identified as a significant
risk factor for the development of various cancers. Obesity, which is a stateof excess of nutrients, chronically activates cellular growth factor and
metabolic signalling pathways and stimulates neoplastic transformation.
Pathophysiological effects of hyperadiposity have been found to be associated
with development and progression of tumor predominantly in metabolically and
hormonally driven cancers. Obesity at the time of diagnosis of the cancer is
associated with advanced state of the disease affecting progression of the
disease, response to the therapeutic agents and disease-free survival.
Researchers also observed strong association between increased body mass index
and cancer-related mortality, but no exact consensus linking obesity with the
pathogenesis of cancer. Among breast cancer women with BMI more than 40Kg/m2,
mortality rate is three times more than lean women suggesting obesity as a poor
prognostic factor.
Goodwin
et al observed significant association of higher BMI with increased risk of early
and late distant recurrences and death in breast cancer women. Excess of
adiposity has been identified as a risk factor for recurrence, reduced
effectiveness and complications of the treatment, development of second primary
tumor and mortality.
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